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128 Years After Tesla's Vision
Tesla Timeline
[edit] Timeline of wireless energy transfer
- 1820: André-Marie Ampère develops Ampere’s law showing that electric current produces a magnetic field.
- 1831: Michael Faraday develops Faraday’s law of induction describing the electromagnetic force induced in a conductor by a time-varying magnetic flux.
- 1864: James Clerk Maxwell synthesizes the previous observations, experiments and equations of electricity, magnetism and optics into a consistent theory and mathematically models the behavior of electromagnetic radiation.
- 1888: Heinrich Rudolf Hertz confirms the existence of electromagnetic radiation. Hertz’s "apparatus for generating electromagnetic waves" was a VHF or UHF "radio wave" spark gap transmitter.
- 1891: Nikola Tesla improves Hertz-wave wireless transmitter RF power supply or exciter in his patent No. 454,622, "System of Electric Lighting."
- 1893: Tesla demonstrates the wireless illumination of phosphorescent lamps of his design at the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago.[63]
- 1894: Hutin & LeBlanc, espouse long held view that inductive energy transfer should be possible, they received U.S. Patent # 527,857 describing a system for power transmission at 3 kHz.[64]
- 1894: Jagdish Chandra Bose ignites gunpowder and rings a bell at a distance using electromagnetic waves, showing that communications signals can be sent without using wires.[65][66]
- 1897: Tesla files the first of his patent applications dealing specifically with wireless transmission.
- 1899: In Colorado Springs, Tesla writes, "the inferiority of the [electrodynamic] induction method would appear immense as compared with the disturbed charge of ground and air method."[67]
- 1904: At the St. Louis World's Fair, a prize is offered for a successful attempt to drive a 0.1 horsepower (75 W) airship motor by energy transmitted through space at a distance of least 100 feet (30 m).[68]
- 1917: Tesla's Wardenclyffe tower is demolished.
- 1926: Shintaro Uda and Hidetsugu Yagi publish their first paper on Uda's "tuned high-gain directional array"[12] better known as the Yagi antenna.
- 1961: William C. Brown publishes an article exploring possibilities of microwave power transmission.[69][70]
- 1964: Brown demonstrates on CBS News with Walter Cronkite a model helicopter that received all the power needed for flight from a microwave beam. Between 1969 and 1975, Brown was technical director of a JPL Raytheon program that beamed 30 kW over a distance of 1 mile at 84% efficiency.[citation needed]
- 1968: Peter Glaser proposes wirelessly transmittting solar energy captured in space using "Powerbeaming" technology.[71][72] This is usually recognized as the first description of a solar power satellite.
- 1971: Prof. Don Otto develops a small trolley powered by induction at The University of Auckland, in New Zealand.[citation needed]
- 1973: World first passive RFID system demonstrated at Los-Alamos National Lab.[73]
- 1975: Goldstone Deep Space Communications Complex does experiments in the tens of kilowatts.[15][16][74]
- 1988: A power electronics group led by Prof. John Boys at The University of Auckland in New Zealand, develops an inverter using novel engineering materials and power electronics and conclude that power transmission by means of electrodynamic induction should be achievable. A first prototype for a contact-less power supply is built. Auckland Uniservices, the commercial company of The University of Auckland, patents the technology.[citation needed]
- 1989: Daifuku, a Japanese company, engages Auckland Uniservices Ltd. to develop technology for car assembly plants and materials handling providing challenging technical requirements including multiplicity of vehicles.[citation needed]
- 1990: Prof. John Boys team develops novel technology enabling multiple vehicles to run on the same inductive power loop and provide independent control of each vehicle. Auckland UniServices Patents the technology.[citation needed]
- 1996: Auckland Uniservices develops an Electric Bus power system using Electrodynamic Induction to charge (30-60 kW) opportunistically commencing implementation in New Zealand. Prof John Boys Team commission 1st commercial IPT Bus in the world at Whakarewarewa, in New Zealand.[citation needed]
- 1998: RFID tags powered by electrodynamic induction over a few feet
- 1999: Dr. Herbert L. Becker powers a lamp and a hand held fan from a distance of 30 feet.
- 2001: Splashpower formed in the UK. Uses coupled resonant coils in a flat "pad" style to transfer tens of watts into a variety of consumer devices, including lamp, phone, PDA, iPod etc.[citation needed]
- 2004: Electrodynamic Induction used by 90 percent of the US$1 billion clean room industry for materials handling equipment in semiconductor, LCD and plasma screen manufacture.[citation needed]
- 2005: Prof Boys' team at The University of Auckland, refines 3-phase IPT Highway and pick-up systems allowing transmission of power to moving vehicles in the lab.[citation needed]
- 2007: Using Electrodynamic Induction a physics research group, led by Prof. Marin Soljačić, at MIT, wirelessly power a 60W light bulb with 40% efficiency at a 2 metres (6.6 ft) distance with two 60 cm-diameter coils.[75]
- 2008: Bombardier offers new wireless transmission product PRIMOVE, a power system for use on trams and light-rail vehicles.[76]
- 2008: Industrial designer Thanh Tran, at Brunel University made a wireless lamp incorporating a high efficiency 3W LED.[citation needed]
- 2008: Intel reproduces Nikola Tesla's original 1894 implementation of Electrodynamic Induction and Prof. John Boys group's 1988 follow-up experiments by wirelessly powering a nearby light bulb with 75% efficiency.[77]
- 2008: Greg Leyh and Mike Kennan of the Nevada Lightning Laboratory publish a paper on Nikola Tesla's disturbed charge of ground and air method of wireless power transmission with circuit simulations and test results showing an efficiency greater than can be obtained using the Electrodynamic Induction method.[78]
- 2009: A Consortium of interested companies called the Wireless Power Consortium announce they are nearing completion for a new industry standard for low-power Inductive charging[79]
- 2009: Palm (now a division HP) launches the Palm Pre smartphone with the Palm Touchstone wireless charger.
- 2009: An Ex approved Torch and Charger aimed at the offshore market is introduced.[80] This product is developed by Wireless Power & Communication, a Norway based company.
- 2009: A simple analytical electrical model of electrodynamic induction power transmission is proposed and applied to a wireless power transfer system for implantable devices.[81]
- 2009: Lasermotive uses diode laser to win $900k NASA prize in power beaming, breaking several world records in power and distance, by transmitting over a kilowatt more than several hundred meters.[82]
- 2009: Sony shows a wireless electrodynamic-induction powered TV set, 60 W over 50 cm [1]
- 2010: Haier Group debuts “the world's first” completely wireless LCD television at CES 2010 based on Prof. Marin Soljačić's follow-up research on Nikola Tesla's electrodynamic induction wireless energy transmission method and the Wireless Home Digital Interface (WHDI).[83]
- 2010: System On Chip (SoC) group in University of British Columbia developed an optimization tool for design of highly efficient wireless power transmission system using multiple coils. The design was optimized for implantable application and power transfer efficiency of 82% was achieved. [84]
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